1569 Rebellion Against Queen Elizabeth I

In the event, however, the rising of the North took a markedly religious coloration. On November 14, 1569, the rebel force entered the city of Durham. Proceed to the city cathedral, they burned the Anglican Book of Common Prayer and other Protestant books, and celebrated the Catholic Mass there, the first time since the end of the reign of Bloody Mary and the accession of Elizabeth that a public Mass had been said in England.

The rising proved to be the last effort to restore English Catholicism from within by mass force, and it soon failed utterly. The rebels rode south to Tutbury, where Mary Queen of Scots was reported to be held, but she was moved further south to Coventry well before they arrived. Within a few weeks most of the rebel army had melted away, and it never came to blows with the royal force sent to quell it. The only pitched battle of the campaign, fought by the river Cleth the following February, pitted the Queen's forces not against the original rebels, but a cavalry force headed by Lord Dacre -- who had originally gone north as part of the body raised to put down the rising.

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ff the avenues of foreign influence over the succession in England, and over Scotland as well. For that reason, Elizabeth had earlier offered none other than Leicester to Mary, though in this case Elizabeth no doubt had reasons to put special confidence in Leicester's reliability (and the offer may not have been serious in any case). Norfolk might have been found all the safer a choice because he had the previous reputation of being above the rivalries within the English court. He was a great lord in the old manner, who "when he was in his tennis court at Norwich he thought himself in a manner equal with some kings." He also was--as the events of 1569 demonstrated all too well--a weak and indecisive man, and Elizabeth, an excellent judge of character, probably knew this well. One precondition to a marriage between Norfolk and Mary was absolutely necessary, however: Elizabeth's consent. Apart from political concerns, Elizabeth's notorious touchiness about marriage in general promised a difficult sell, but Norfolk never availed himself of the several opportunities that Cecil offered him to make the attempt. Instead, on September 21 of 1569, he abruptly left Court and retired to his estates. Strictly speaking [as J. B. Black
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