TURKISH FOREIGN TRADE

Political stability in modern Turkey began to crumble in 1970 (Rinehart, 1989, pp. 64-65). As the political party structure began to fracture, it became increasingly difficult to form a stable government. As a consequence, government turnover in Turkey rose to a high rate and political terrorism became increasingly violent and intensive. In 1980, control of the country passed to the military in a coup de 'etat (Seeley, 1989, 260-261). A new constitution was implemented in 1982.

The junta eventually outlawed all existing political parties and banned all former politicians from future participation in the Turkish government (Seeley, 1989, pp. 260-261). The ban on all political activity was lifted in 1983, and new political parties began forming, although many of the new parties were vetoed by the ruling military junta. It was not until the fall of 1991, however, that elections for a civilian government were again permitted.

In the 1991 general election, the ruling Motherland Party was defeated (Turkey,

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ailed by European Community member countries--a complete ban on such immigration was imposed by Germany. As a consequence, the emigration of Turkish workers averaged only 18 thousand per year from 1974 through 1980. By 1981, however, over one-million Turkish workers were residing in European Community countries, of which approximately one-half were in Germany. While major segments of the German population would like to see the Turkish workers residing in Germany returned to Turkey, the last thing that the Turkish government wants is an additional one million unemployed Turks at home. Successive Turkish governments have also attempted to stimulate the Turkish economy through increased exports (Dicle and Dicle, 1992, pp. 62-76). The major target of the policy of an export-led economic development has been the European Community. High import taxes imposed by the Turkish government, together with other protectionist policies, however, undermine efforts to increase foreign trade (Zarocostas, 1994, p. 5A). Turkey is grouped by the World Bank (1993, p. 178) among lower-middle-income countries, along with such countries as Bolivia, Yemen, and Botswana. Per capital gross national product (GNP) in Turkey grew at an annual average rate
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Approximate Word count = 2205
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)

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