ture for the first time (Whiffen and Koeper, 1981, p. 294). In that exposition, the Japanese Pavilion provided American architects with a number of new ideas for their work. The pavilion's structure emphasized a horizontal plan, and timber was used as the primary building material. In addition, the Japanese Pavilion inspired American architects with its "predilection for the open plan, latticework, extended eaves, a craftsmanlike assembly of parts, and the integration of the building with its landscaped setting" (Whiffen and Koeper, 1981, p. 294). The Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia was also influential because it introduced Americans to the British style known as the "Queen Anne" house (Whiffen and Koeper, 1981, p. 294). This structure, designed to create a quaint and comfortable residence, was like a cottage. It was often covered with shingles and featured tall roofs and chimneys as well as rounded corner towers (Olmstead and Watkins, 1978, p. 327).
Architects around the country were also influenced by the buildings of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The exhibition of architecture in that exposition was notable for mixing classical influences with new ideas. The various architects contributing to the exposition were encouraged to create works in their own individualistic styles. At the same time:
the imposition of uniform heights, symmetrical axes, and specific focal perspectives, along with the use of the Beaux Arts architectural vocabulary in the white plaster and wooden pavilions of the Court of Honor, obviously aimed at a unified overall structure. (Tafuri and Dal Co., 1986, p. 39)
Many elements of classical order could be found in the architecture of the Columbian Exposition; however, since the exhibition was meant to be temporary, the designers were encouraged to create spectacular works and to "indulge in pomp and architectural license" (Whiffen and Koeper, 1981, p. 274). Therefo...