THE INFLUENCE OF VIKING LAW ON ICELANDIC LAW AND CULTURE
This research examines the influence of so-called Viking law, or the law of the early peoples of Scandinavia, on the law, culture, and society of Iceland. The law of the early peoples of Scandinavia was essentially Norse law. With respect to Iceland, this examination covers the period from 874 when Iceland was first settled to 1262 when the independent Republic established on Iceland came to an end. With respect to Viking law, earlier events are addressed in order to described the development and status of Viking law at the time the creation of legal structure for Iceland began.
The findings of this examination begin with a review of Viking law. Both the development and the principal characteristics of boy of law are addressed. This review of Viking law is followed by a consideration of the establishment of a legal structure in Iceland. Motivations for the establishment of law in Iceland are addressed along with the processes of the establishment of law in the country. The structure of the initial legal system in Iceland is described, as is the evolution of this structure from its inception through 1262. Effects of the establishment of law and the evolution of this body of law on Icelandic culture and society are also discussed in the context of the influence of Viking law on Icelandic law. An assessment of Icelandic law as that law existed in the country from 930 through the end of the Republic in 1262 follows the consideration of the establishment of a legal system in Iceland.
Viking law was solidified by King Hakon the Good of Norway. Hakon was "attached to the principles of law, and desirous of peace and order." Hakon codified Viking law.
The overriding desire in Viking society was to be free. The free person was the "backbone" of the Norse realm, and the class of free persons was extensive and ranged "from impoverished and...