RESEARCH IN NURSING EDUCATION

Two areas of research involving both nursing education and nursing practice are the education of nurses in hospital settings, and the effects of shift work on nurses. These two phenomena are at times related.

An educational needs assessment for hospital nursing staff must be based on patient populations (Panno, 1992, pp. 269-273). Analysis of needs assessment data is required to formulate effective teaching strategies for nursing education in hospital settings. One suggested approach to cost-effective nursing instruction in hospital settings is the use of self-learning educational packages (Cochenour, 1992, pp. 123-127). The use of self-learning educational packages for nursing staff in hospital settings is most effective when modern instructional technology is employed in conjunction with such packages (Romano, 1990, pp. 99-103). In the 1990s, such technology most often means computers (Ford, 1990, pp. 160-163). One such teaching innovation is computer assisted instruction, referred to as CAI (Corvello, 1985, p. 959).

Definitions of instructional technology typically vary according to the way in which the factor is conceptualized by those individuals constructing the definitions (Saettler, 1992, p. 2). There are two widely accepted conceptualizations of instructional technology--the physical science concept and the behavioral science concept (Saettler, 1992, p. 3).

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. CAI has proven to be successful where the instructional goals are well defined, achievement of the goals is highly valued by the institution, and the substance of the instruction is suited to computerized delivery (Zinn, 1990, pp. 297-298). The advantages of CAI are shorter learning time and improved levels of performance. The disadvantages have been high costs of computer systems, high costs of curriculum development, including software, and conflicts between individualized instruction and traditional educational practices (Zinn, 1990, pp. 298-299). Innovation in training and education for nurses frequently must be sought because of constraints imposed on the need for shift work in nursing practice. Among the health assessment and treating occupations, of which nursing is one, 31.3 percent of workers are assigned to shift work (Mellor, 1986, p. 17). Within the context of shift work, 8.3 percent of health assessment and treatment workers work evening shifts, 12.1 percent work rotating shifts, 8.3 percent work night shifts, 0.1 percent work split shifts, and 2.6 percent work some other type of shift (Mellor, 1986, p. 17). A wide variety of problems are reported by workers engaged in shift work (Jamal, 1
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Approximate Word count = 1634
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)

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