Error Analysis of Second Language Learners

G. Inter/intra/developmental errors.

II. Is error-making a sin or a learning device?

A. From behaviorist to communicative methodologies.

A. Linguistic differences and similarities in analysis.

B. Contrastive analysis vs error analysis.

IV. Error analysis and error correction

A. The student as locus of learning.

B. Thematic vs paradigmatic teaching.

 ERROR ANALYSIS IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Error analysis and error correction defined

In applied linguistics, error analysis is "the study of patterns of errors. Analysts have proposed six kinds of error, arising from inaccurate learning, inaccurate teaching, wrong guessing, poor memory, the influence of the mother tongue, and the process of learning." S. Pit Corder in the U.K. dichotomized between error (a failure in competence, a systemic fault) and mistake (a flaw in performance in

. . .
e syntactic or lexical level. Finally, certain kinds of difference between two languages seem to cause greater difficulty than others; this in turn has prompted the concept of 'hierarchy of difficulty'." Richards had already taken a non-contrastive approach to error analysis by seeing errors as traceable to transfer and interference. He classified errors as being interlingual, intralingual, and developmental. Way before Richards, Lado had come to the conclusion that interlingual errors were inevitable and resulted from interference. Richards, however, pointed out that errors are due not solely to interference, but to the structure of English, which is new to the learner, and to the strategies used to teach and to learn. Richards and others equated intralingual errors with developmental errors, i.e. errors which "illustrate the learner attempting to build up hypotheses about the English language." Light drew our attention to the fact that traditionally all errors had been considered interlingual, whereas the new perspective was on the structure of the English language and on the strategies by which a second language is acquired and taught, as much as on the interference of the native language. Adams, studying speech rhythms
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Approximate Pages = 13 (250 words per page)

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