Anexoria nervosa & Women
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Anexoria nervosa was first identified as a medical condition some four or five generations ago, in the 1870s (Brumberg, 1988, p. 3). For a century after it was identified and named, it remained an obscure psychiatric condition, considered almost freakishly rare. The term itself was known only to medical professionals. Then, beginning in the 1970s and continuing to the present day, anexoria nervosa entered the popular culture. Popular magazines began to run articles on it. The term has become so familiar that anyone may say of a woman who is thin beyond the dictates of fashion that she looks anorexic (Brumberg, 1988, p. 8). Notice that we said "of a woman." Anexoria nervosa and its cousin, bulimia, are overwhelming conditions that afflict women. If a man appears unhealthfully thin, we do not think in terms of anorexia; we merely think of him as thin. If he fits the appropriate stereotypes, we may suspect drugs such as speed or cocaine. Yet we do not make the same presumptions about a woman; we suspect anexoria, or at any rate we use "anexoric" as a generic term for unhealthfully thin women. Not only is anorexia associated almost exclusively with women (not only in the popular culture, but in medical practice); it is a condition found largely among women of a certain class and age. It is in America predominantly a condition of young white women of the middle class and upwards, and has appeared among their counterparts in other Western countries and in Japan. Cult
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modelling world between the "supermodels" and the thinner "waifs," exemplified by Kate Moss. The former also adorn the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue; the latter, one suspects, are unlikely to. Although the ultimate origins of the thinness obsession may be in male objectification of the female body, it is an obsession that, as Naomi Wolf (1991, p. 287) women also impose competitively upon one another.
Sex appeal and male objectification, in the narrow sense, are unlikely to be the causes of this phenomenon. Indeed, concerns with food intake (if not specifically weight) have a long cultural history, associated primarily with women. In the Middle Ages, saints like Catherine of Siena were distinguished by their near-abstinance from food (Brumberg, 1988, pp. 41ff). Right into the nineteenth century--up, indeed, until the time that anorexia nervosa was first identified as a medical condition--semistarvation in girls had religious connotations (Brumberg, 1988, p. 75). In the Middle Ages, the self-starving female saint also mortified herself in other ways. Notably, however, while male saints of the ascetic type might participate in the other varieties of self-mortification, food-refusal was a distinctly female form of escaping
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Approximate Word count = 1450
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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