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Rehabilitation Issues of Lupus Erythematosus

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This study examines the current research regarding several rehabilitation issues associated with lupus erythematosus. The examined issues include: psychological and psychosocial problems (e.g., depression, lowering of self-esteem, cosmetic effects, feelings of powerlessness) confronting people with the condition and strategies for solving and resolving these; problems associated with medication; the differential effects of lupus; vocational issues; standard medical therapies and alternative strategies; and general life management problems. The next section examines the condition and the unique issues it presents for special groups such as women and minorities. The final section of the review presents a general summary of the main findings of the reviewed research.

Psychological and Psychosocial Problems

In his discussion of lupus erythematosus, Iverson (1995) reported that the debilitating and unpredictable nature of the illness, causes considerable psychological distress in patients, and states that one of the primary goals of the rehabilitation counselor is to facilitate an individual's optimal adjustment to the disease and its limitations both at the personal and community level. The question that can be asked here is what services and interventions have been shown to be effective rehabilitation sources?

Surprisingly, some authors have suggested that one of the best intervention may be non-psychological, namely the use of an exercise program. In this regard, Daltroy

. . .
logic, cerebrospinal fluid, and neuroimaging tests appear to be most useful diagnostically when ordered based on the patient's neurologic presentation. The role of complement, cytokines, and endothelial cell activation in causing the vascular pathology observed in the brains of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus patients is an area of promising research. Treatment remains empiric, but intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide and intrathecal administration of immunosuppressive medications are new approaches that have been used successfully to treat patients with severe and refractory symptoms. Recent research conducted by Nakauchi, Suehiro, Tahara, Kumon, Yasuoka, Ohashi, Kawada and Hashimotor (1995) indicates that lupus cystitis is a specific clinical manifestation of lupus erythematosus. In the study, the authors conducted a case of study of a 45-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with lupus at 28 and who had been in remission for an extended period. However, at the time of the study, she had developed severe urinary frequency, watery diarrhea, vomiting and weight loss. She also developed acute renal failure and her serological examination was consistent with active lupus. She had a markedly decreased urinary bladder capacity
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 8878
Approximate Pages = 36 (250 words per page)

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