History of Work Relationships
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The human resources development field is based upon such old and well-established disciplines as economics, psychology, anthropology, sociology, and even political science. The field of psychology has provided the personnel manager with information that has been applied to employee training, testing, selection, and placement. It is difficult to think of effective labor relations and wage and salary administration without a background in economics. Anthropology has served to show how individuals react to the organizational environment and the social system which they join; it has provided insight into the attitudes that people bring to the job. The understanding of group activities and the effects upon employees of group membership and communications filters down to the personnel administrator from the field of sociology. The understanding of organization and authority relationships emanates from the political science sector. The earliest work relationships, however, were not based upon these disciplines but on the principle of slavery. Masters owned and commanded as many workers as they could support. There was very little attention to waste since slaves were available if one could feed them. The slave owners assumed many of the functions that one associates with modern human resource management, such as recruitment (the cruel but efficient method of enslaving and transporting able-bodied men), training, housing, catering, and industrial medicine. The one discipli
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, not only of the motivation of workers but also of the nature of organizational behavior and the functioning of groups. This research as it emerged focused upon three aspects of behavior: that of individuals, that of groups, and that of complex organizations. For the behavioral sciences, this new field of research gave this discipline new life. The behavioral scientists turned their attention to studying executives and how they manage employees.
The job of administration is seen by the behavioral school as one of choosing arrangements which will evoke a system of cooperative relationships between the people who are to accomplish the goals of the organization. To utilize this approach, managers must become talented amateurs in applied psychology, sociology, and even anthropology.
During World War II, researchers from the physical and mathematical sciences developed approaches to the management job. They proposed that mathematical analysis, model building, and sophisticated operations research were the keys to effective management. Based upon a systematic study of decision making, the management science movement requires that managers use the systems approach to manage the organization.
The mathematical model which is c
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Some common words found in the essay are:
University Michigan, Middle Ages, Discrimination Act, , Standards Act, Western Electric, War II, Quality Award, Mangement Objectives, Frederick Taylor, human resources, pay levels, human resources development, resources development, management development, personnel management, labor standards act, prevailing wage, labor standards, scientific management, standards act, fair labor, fair labor standards, human resources staff, organizations' pay levels,
Approximate Word count = 3096
Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page)
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