Liposuction Surgery

Obesity may be defined as "body weight that is 20 percent or more above the norm (10:385-392)." In the United States, roughly 20 percent of all middle-aged males and 40 percent of middle-aged females fulfill this criterion. Moreover, considerable research has linked obesity with multiple health risks including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and stroke (10:385-392).

Fat tissue is actually a form of connective tissue. It occurs beneath the skin, between the muscles, between various organs, and in "almost all spaces not filled by other portions of the body (6:515)." Fat tissue is composed of fat cells, or adipocytes. The cytoplasm of adipocytes may contain as much as 95 percent neutral fat. This fat represents a stored source of energy (6:515).

The two basic pathways in fat metabolism include lipogenesis and lipolysis. Lipogenesis involves the uptake and storage of lipids inside the adipocyte. Fat is transported within the blood as free fatty

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duced seromas, hematomas, and generally lumpy results (2:381-383). It wasn't until 1974 that Giorgio Fischer and his father, Arpad,--working in Rome, Italy--developed blunt closed liposuction surgical techniques (3:1086). Fischer (1977) describes their cellusuctiotome--a hollow curette attached to a suction pump. The surgeons used it to cut through fat and then suck it away through hollow tubing (2:381-383). Somewhat later, the French physician, Illouz, improved upon the Fischers' methods. Illouz used a different kind of cannula, and developed the technique of tunneling through fat at multiple levels. In addition, Illouz promoted the "wet technique (2:381-383)." This involved the injection of such fluids as hypotonic saline and hyaluronidase directly into the fat. Even later, another French physician, Fournier, developed criss-cross tunneling methods. It wasn't until the early 1980s that American dermatologic surgeons became interested in liposuction. In 1983, a panel of plastic surgeons under the "auspices of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons" visited Paris, France to observe Illouz' techniques (9:451-455). Then, a group of otolaryngology-based cosmetic surgeons formed the American Society of
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Approximate Word count = 1714
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)

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