Increase of Spousal Abuse

According to FBI estimates, in the United States a woman is beaten every 15 to 18 seconds (Worcester, 1992, p. 284). Spousal abuse can be defined as the use of physical force by a male against his female partner. This violence may affect all women regardless of age, race, income, sexual orientation, or environment (Noel & Yam, 1992, p. 874). Numerous studies document that between 22% and 35% of women who use emergency rooms are battered women seeking treatment, either because of the direct effects of abuse or stressinduced illness caused by ongoing abuse. Moreover, because these same women often need to return time and time again, almost half the injuries women have when they arrive in emergency rooms may

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quent and often increase in severity. Eventually, the honeymoon stage becomes less of an incentive for the woman to stay in the relationship. At this point, battered women may be forced to continue on because of social and economic pressures (Worcester, 1992, p. 285). The basis for domestic abuse is inequality. The abuser is desires control over their victim. The sadistic drive is actually caused by the pleasure of the complete domination of another person. This power is most dramatically demonstrated by the abuser's ability to inflict pain on the abused (Hazelwood et al., 1993, p. 478). Many of the dynamics used in "brainwashing" or "mind control" are also employed by the wife batterer. The abuser begins by isolating the victim from her other intimate relationships. This isolation is subsequently followed by physical abuse, sleep deprivation, degradation, and humiliation. In cases of sexual abuse, the abuser may gradually introduce new behaviors; invariably, this deviant activity will be accompanied by both positive reinforcement for compliant responses and negative reinforcement for noncompliant ones (Hazelwood et al., 1993, p. 478). There are a number of characteristic features of abusive relationships. Power a
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