The Status of Hong Kong
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In 1997, the status of Hong Kong will change. Hong Kong has been one of two Chinese areas -- the other being Macao -- under the control of foreign powers. The Chinese see these as "problems left over from history," and they were the result of imperialist aggression and incompetence on the part of Chinese rulers in the nineteenth century. Hong Kong has been under British control as the result of three treaties with the Chinese from the last century, but in the mid-1980s China concluded formal agreements with Britain for the return of Hong Kong in 1997. The Hong Kong area, fearful of being returned to Red Chinese dominion, has been given a high degree of autonomy in the agreement with Britain, and it will be considered a "special administrative region" of China. From the standpoint of the Chinese, return of Hong Kong to their control has been an important issue of nationalism and sovereignty. The British came to Hong Kong in the last century and have administered it with varying degrees of control eve since. This control was challenged at various points in this century. It was challenged strongly by the government of Chiang Kai-Shek, the government that eventually ended up separated from mainland China and in power only on Taiwan. The British were adamant in their refusal to return Hong Kong to Chinese control. After World War II, the Chinese Communist government was less interested in the return of the territories, at least at that time. The issue is
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claims, and in any case the Chinese had vowed to press their claim by diplomatic negotiation and not by force. The Red Chinese, as noted, did not press a claim, though they did express the view that the original agreement was not enforceable and that Hong Kong should be returned to China in due course (Wesley-Smith, 1980, 162).
The Chinese Nationalist party saw the three treaties under which the United Kingdom established its rule over Hong Kong as "unequal treaties," and one of the goals of the Nationalist party was to overturn such treaties and recover Chinese territories lost to foreign countries. However, once the U.S. and Great Britain had entered the war against Japan in 1941, the Republic of China under the leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek became an ally. The two Western countries entered into negotiations with the Republic of China over the possible abolition of their extraterritorial and other special rights (such as concessions, inland navigation, stationing troops, and similar agreements) in China. Negotiations between Britain and the Republic of China remained deadlocked over the issue of the return of the leased territories of Kowloon, the New Territories. The Chinese dropped the issue for expedience but made it cl
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Approximate Word count = 4045
Approximate Pages = 16 (250 words per page)
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