Cholera in Peru

Since the beginning of the last century cholera pandemic has reached the whole planet in waves that followed a pattern of variable intervals. The actual epidemic reached South America in January, 1991, through the harbor of the fishing city of Chimbote, Peru, from where it has been spread to all of the American continent (Macambira, De Oliveira, Alves, Gurgel de Oliveira, Ferreira De Araugo & Marques, 1993).

As of 1993, the pandemic had lasted 32 years world wide with little expectation that it would be controlled in the under developed world. Moreover, in Peru and other South and Latin American countries, the El Nino weather pattern has been associated with many new occurrences of cholera (CNN Report, February 26, 1998).

Prepathogenesis Period. The prepathogenesis period is that interval of time where Cholera has not occurred but where people are at increased risk for contracting the disease due to a variety of factors associated with the interaction of the agent with the environment (Gotuzzo, Cieza, Estremadoyro & Seas, 1994). Factors that can place an individual at increased risk for the development of Cholera include poverty, unsanitary food habits, generally poor hygiene, malnutrition, deficient or absent hydrochloric acid in gastric juices, and belonging to blood group 0 (Gotuzzo, Cieza, Estremadoyro & Seas, 1994).

Pathogenesis Period. Infection usually occurs from drinking contaminated wat

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eet, 1994). With respect to public health nursing, Martin and Scheet (1994) report that nursing diagnoses can be vital to the success of nursing care and recommend the Omaha Problem Classification System for use in making nursing diagnoses. As part of implementing the control plan for nursing activities with respect to Cholera in Peru, nursing diagnoses will be made using the Omaha Classification Scheme. This scheme calls for an assessment in environmental, psychosocial, physiological, and health-related behaviors domains---each domain containing several sub-areas. Each of the domains and their corresponding sub-areas that will be used in making nursing diagnoses are presented in Table 1. It should be noted here that no actual nursing diagnoses are offered at this point because these will vary depending upon a variety of factors (e.g., depending upon whether nursing diagnoses are being made of people living in rural or urban areas; depending upon the overall health of the population living in each area; depending upon the degree of accuracy of the health-beliefs of residents in a given area, and so forth). Finally, it needs to be noted that in making nursing diagnoses, not all sub-areas listed in the classification system m
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Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page)

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