Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory

Howard Gardner, an expert in education and developmental psychology at Harvard University and codirector of the Harvard's Project Zero, first published his theory of multiple intelligences in Frames of Mind in 1983. Multiple intelligences theory or MI theory states that humans do not have one general intelligence measured by typical psychometric tests, but multiple intelligences with different skill sets. The traditional primary definition of intelligence, as listed in The American Heritage Dictionary, third edition, is the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge; the faculty of thought and reason. Based on this definition of intelligence, I do not feel that Gardner's theory is valid. I do believe these intelligences exist as different skill sets but not that they are autonomous enough to acquire the importance of separate intelligences. While Gardner feels this is merely political and that he is free to redefine intelligence, many in the academic community do not agree and do not support his theory. Many educators, however, feel differently and have embraced the theory to create educational philosophies and applications.

II. Definition of Multiple Intelligence Theory

C. Definition of Each Eight Intelligences

2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

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ility. The innateness of this ability is supported by the fact that it exists in other species such as birds. It is universal across cultures, and the existence of a symbol system (staff, notes, and words) also fulfills the necessary criteria for a Garnder intelligence. Child prodigies are also present who exhibit bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Tiger Woods, who has garnered much attention for his youth and superior golf skills, is an example, as are Babe Ruth and Michael Jordan. The development of these skills often proceeds as a schedule and is again universal across cultures. The ability has been associated with the motor cortex section of the brain and localized in the hemisphere opposite to the dominant hand. Damage to this area of the brain may cause an inability to perform certain movements or a condition known as apraxia. This skill can be specialized for the use of tools and can be illustrated cognitively through game playing or expression of emotion. Logical-mathematical intelligence most mirrors the traditional definition of intelligence and is often labeled "scientific thinking." As in the other intelligences, there are child prodigies in mathematics and idiot savants; one of the protagonists in the Oscar-win
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