Four Nursing Theories

This research reviews the theories of nursing of Dorothea E. Orem, Imogene King, Sister Callista Roy, and Jean Watson. In this review, the essential elements of each of the theories of nursing are presented, commonalities among the four theories of nursing are identified, and assessments of each of the theories are made.

Orem's theory of nursing is commonly known as the selfcare deficit theory of nursing (Chinn, Jacobs, and Huether, 1991, p. 190). The theory includes "(1) selfcare deficit, (2) selfcare, and nursing system" (Chinn, Jacobs, and Huether, 1991, p. 190).

Orem's selfcare model is an interactionist model, which implies that the whole is greater than its parts. The model provides a framework for the education and support of patients in the development of effective selfcare behavior (Feathers, 1989, pp. 369376). Selfcare is defined as the practice of activities by individuals which they personally initiate and perform in their own behalf in maintaining their own life, health, and wellbeing.

The selfcare model is structured around six central concepts and one peripheral concept. The six central concepts are (1) selfcare, (2) selfcare agency, (3) therapeutic selfcare demand, (4) selfcare agency, (5) nursing agency, and (6) nursing system, while the peripheral concept is a set of basic conditioning factors. The Orem selfcare model of nursing is implemented within the "nursing metaparadigm concepts

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Approximate Word count = 1024
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page)

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