Examples of Escalation Situations

On a lesser scale, of course, everyday examples abound: investors who rationalize away losses by "dollar-cost-averaging" despite declining values; Malibu residents who continue to rebuild their homes after rains and fires devastate the same locations year-in and year-out; and battered women who stay in hopeless relationships believing in who knows what. All share the difficult choice between putting greater effort into the present line of behavior and starting to consider new alternatives. At the organizational level, similar situations prevail: pharmaceutical companies increasing their investments in the research and development of products that are not performing as expected; aerospace and defense contractors bidding for governm

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, high social-anxiety conditions, and is often interpreted as face-saving, which is not unusually evidenced in bargaining environments, where it is common to find an escalation of hostilities as both parties refuse to back down from earlier positions. Decision-makers are often most closely identified with a project, when their advocacy of it has been public, explicit, perceived to be high in volition, and repeated. "Reagonomics," for example, increasingly bound the person to the behavior, thus making withdrawal from the course of action much more difficult. Although face-saving and external binding can both be viewed as social factors that increase decision-makers costs of withdrawal, there are social rewards for persistence. Many costly escalation situations involve the persistence of an entire organization (rather than an isolated individual) to a losing course of action. Probably the simplest organizational determinant is institutional inertia, and usually attributable to breakdowns in internal communications and difficulties in mobilizing constituents. If actions necessitate altering long-standing policies, violating rules or discarding accepted procedures, inertia may result. Organizations attempting to withdraw from a losi
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Brockner Tyler, Staw Ross, Pruitt Rubin, Saving Loan, Brockner Glynn, North Vietnamese, Simonson Staw, Ross Staw, Fair Expo, , course action, escalation situations, courses action, investment decisions, staw ross, contentious tactics, information processing, psychology pp, sunk costs, psychological social, brockner tyler 1982, brockner glynn 1988, sandelands brockner glynn, staw ross 1988, pruitt rubin 1986,
Approximate Word count = 3035
Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page)

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