Japanese Industrial Expansion
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The Japanese industrial expansion since World War II has been considerable and has been noted by other industrialized nations around the world. Japan began from a position far behind the West, with her infrastructure devastated, and since has achieved a position of economic preeminence, challenging the United States and other industrialized nations for world leadership in innovation and industrial production, especially in high-tech industries of great import on the international scene today and into the future. The U.S. has recently started giving Japan greater attention in order to discern the management styles used in Japan and to emulate them to the greatest degree possible, and the increase in Japanese investment in the U.S., with the opening of a certain number of Japanese manufacturing companies in the U.S., primarily to produce Japanese cars, has spurred even more interest. Project Management is a technique developed around principles derived from Japanese management and then adapted to the American model, and it seems as well to be a method that is now being adapted back to the Japanese circumstance. The Japanese have acquired software from the British to facilitate this process, and the concept is thus making a full circle and at the same time marrying principles from both sides of the Pacific into a new paradigm of teamwork and division of labor. An examination of the concept and how it has been applied in different situations will show how the
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deviation between actual performance and planned performance. In order to control a project, the manager has to be able to measure performance with regard to schedule, performance, and cost. Traditional procedures for measuring the progress of a project, evaluating performance, and taking control actions are inadequate for technology management, where events are more dynamic (165-167).
JAPANESE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Malcolm Wheatley examines the application of Project Management in Japan. Japanese management has been given a good deal of attention in recent years because of the competition Japan is posing for the United States in manufacturing and trade. While Wheatley says the prospects of Project Management are promising in Japan, he shows that Project Management actually mirrors certain successful Japanese business methods, notably the emphasis on organization rather than investment. He notes that a survey reveals that the Japanese have accomplished what they have without placing an emphasis on computer-based design equipment. The real issue is the complexity of the flow of information, paper, and communications. Wheatley believes that Project Management software has a role to play and that designers of such programs will
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Approximate Word count = 3276
Approximate Pages = 13 (250 words per page)
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