Tuskegee Medical Experiments on African Americans
This is an excerpt from the paper...
This research paper discusses the Tuskegee medical experiments which were conducted by the United States Public Health Service (PHS) between 1932 and 1972 on 399 African-American adult male subjects who were diagnosed as having late stage syphilis. Its thesis is that the Tuskegee experiments were unjustified on moral and ethical grounds. They together with many other examples of scientific experiments in which human beings have been used as unwitting guinea pigs in the twentieth century stand as warnings of the misguided, immoral, racist and even genocidal ends which scientific research sometimes serves. Facts Concerning the Tuskegee Experiments Origins. PHS was founded in 1912. It was an outgrowth of the predominantly white, middle class Progressive movement for political, economic and social reform of the early 1900s. Its founders and the physicians who led PHS during its formative decades were believers in scientific medicine. Their mission was to improve public health through the application of modern scientific knowledge and in particular to reduce the scourge of communicable diseases by raising standards of sanitation, social hygiene and education. In the 1920s PHS increasingly turned its attention to low health standards in southern rural areas, especially among African-Americans, most of whom were impoverished. By the 1920s, syphilis, an otherwise fatal disease, could be treated by injections of arsenic derivatives supplemented by mercury and bismuth ointments; h
. . .
]" (173). Adler and Clark said "as late as 1965, an outsider's questioning of the morality of the researchers were dismissed as eccentric" (60). In June of that year, Dr. Irwin Schatz of Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit said he was "utterly astounded" that the Tuskegee patients had not been treated with penicillin (Jones 190). The person most instrumental in exposing the Tuskegee Experiments to public view was Peter Buxtun, who was a Czech refugee from Nazism who was also part Jewish, and who, as an employee of PHS began investigating the project in 1965. Buxtun tried for several years to no avail to persuade PHS management to end the project. In July 1972 after he left PHS, he disclosed his findings to Edith Lederer of Associated Press in San Francisco. On July 25, 1972, Jean Heller of AP broke the story in the Washington Star. The entire Tuskegee project was then suspended, never to be restarted. Then, under the Chairmanship of Senator Edward Kennedy, the subcommittee on health of the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare held hearings in February and March 1973 at which two of the participants, Charles Pollack and Lester Scott, "unfolded a forty-year saga of lies and deceit, of unlettered men who had trusted and been betra
. . .
Some common words found in the essay are:
Tuskegee Experiments, According Chamberlain, Tuskegee Study, Katz Owens, Origins PHS, United Surgeon, According Jones, War Criminals, Jones Clark, Tuskegee Study's, tuskegee experiments, medical experiments, according jones, tuskegee study, tuskegee syphilis, tuskegee syphilis experiment, nazi doctors, african americans, scientific validity, informed consent, syphilis experiment, trials war criminals, center disease control, phs review panels, war criminals 1,
Approximate Word count = 4302
Approximate Pages = 17 (250 words per page)
More Essays on Tuskegee Medical Experiments on African Americans
|
Customer Service
to Over
32,000 Professionally Written Papers!!!
