Dealing With Stereotypes in Creating Culturally Competent OT
Although the United States has always been a nation of immigrants, it is becoming even more diverse. This is reflected in an increasingly diverse work force that is expected to be more than 50% female and minority by the 21st century, and it is reflected in the practices of occupational therapists.
The intent in the following pages is to look briefly at some of the groups that occupational therapists may encounter in their practice, and some of the ways that occupational therapists can become more culturally competent in working with diverse groups.
Three of the largest minority groups that occupational therapists may encounter are frequently stereotyped in the media and in ordinary daily interactions. These stereotypes may interfere with the provision of good practice. What is important, however, is becoming aware of minority groups in a positive way, understanding some of the tendencies within those groups that are unique and valuable, and that should be considered in an occupational therapy setting. According to Mosey (1986), it is the psychosocial components of occupational therapy which, if properly understood, form the foundation of successful work with clients.
One of the interesting things about looking at ethnic groups is the tendency for diverse populations to be lumped together in one category. For example, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean individuals may all be categorized as Asian Americans although there are significant historical, political, and cultural differences between the different populations. The same is true for the Hispanic population in this country.
For example, in a study looking specifically at political attitudes and behaviors, Nelson (1980) reported that there were major differences between Cubans, Dominicans, and Puerto Ricans. Cuban Americans tended to be more conservative in reaction to Fidel Castro, and in response to a...