Analysis of Articles on Behaviors

Hesse-Biber and Marino examined for relationships between patterns of eating behavior (pattern remains abnormal, eating gets better, pattern remains normal) and self-concept during the transition from high school to college and through progress through college. Based on findings, the authors concluded that the transition from high school and progression through college deflates self-esteem regardless of eating pattern. It was also concluded that drops in self-concept and assertiveness may be associated with eating problems.

Although this research had both strengths and weaknesses, the weaknesses were predominant. Strengths included the fact that measures of self-concept (and other factors) and eating disorder were standardized tests with good levels of reliability and validity. Further, the examination for association between self-concept and eating disorder was well supported as a viable avenue for research in terms of citations of earlier research.

Weaknesses with the research included the fact that there was no control group used making it possible that the pretest measures sensitized subjects to the variables of interest and thereby contributing to variance on subsequent measures. Also, there was a sizeable subject loss across the years from high school to college. From Time 1 to Time 2, over 565 subjects were lost from the original sample of size 960; and from Time 2 to Time 3, an additional 202 subjects were lost.

Hesse-Biber and Marino report that c

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he study was the statement that results only represented findings that would occur in an artificial setting such as a laboratory. However, when Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves and Pierce (1966) designed a similar study under real-world conditions (physician gives nurse an unethical task which if complied with could kill or seriously hurt a patient), findings were very similar to those observed by Milgram. A second criticism of the study was that findings were merely the product of a time period in the United States characterized by excessive obedience to authority but they were typical only of that epoch. However, in a variety of studies, findings were repeatedly replicated throughout one of America's most socially rebellious periods, namely the late 1960s and the early 1970s (see: Milgram, 1974). Thus they seem to be taping into a characteristic of people that is not bound by the temporal sociopolitical conditions of a country. During the work conducted on obedience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Sears, Freedman and Peplau (1985) report that a clearer understanding of the phenomenon was attained. Specifically, it was found that in order for Milgram's compliance effect to be obtained, the authority must: (1) be contin

Category: Psychology - A