Effect of Exercise on Hypertension

Hypertension is a major health problem in the United States. Early detection and treatment of hypertension as well as effects of exercise on hypertension is therefore an important health topic (Tanaka, Bassett, & Turner, 1996).

Hypertension is persistently high arterial blood pressure. Different classifications are noted. Accelerated hypertension is a progression marked by the funduscopic vascular changes of malignant hypertension without papilledema. Borderline hypertension includes arterial blood pressure sometimes within normotensive range and sometimes within the hypertensive range. Essential hypertension occurs without discoverable organic cause. Malignant hypertension is a severe hypertensive state with poor prognosis, characterized by papilledema of the ocular fundus with vascular exudative and hemorrhagic lesions, medial thickening of small arteries and arterioles, and left ventricular hypertrophy (diastolic pressures 130 mm. Hg or more) (Dorland's, 1988).

Hypertension is a disorder of cardiovascular regulation originating in an altered interplay of many factors. The asymptomatic stage of hypertension, is the benign stage before target organ damage is clinically apparent; classification stages include mild, moderate, and severe, depending on blood pressure levels and extent of target organ damage to the heart, fundi, kidney, and brain. In a study of 500 patients with untreated hypertension, who were follow

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in treated patients with severe hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Exercise is shown to result in a significant regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in these patients. Moderate exercise is therefore considered a safe and effective method for all hypertensive patients. Reductions in blood pressure with regular exercise can reduce medication requirements, cost, and medication related side-effects (Papademetriou & Kokkinos, 1996). Rogers, Probst, Gruber, Berger, and Boone (1996) report that aerobic exercise training decreases cardiovascular responses to psychologic stress. They tested the effects of low-intensity and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training on 18 borderline hypertensive subjects (resting blood pressure 139 +/- 9/92 +/- 9 mmHg). Subjects were divided into three groups, control (no exercise), low-intensity exercise (40-50 percent maximal oxygen uptake), and moderate-intensity exercise (70-80 percent maximal oxygen uptake). Training groups exercised three times a week; heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks. Findings demonstrated that in the low-intensity group, exercise attenuated mean blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic bloo

Category: Medical - E