Hip Osteoarthritis
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Osteoarthritis is found to be the most common form of arthritis. Studies show that around five percent of the US population is affected with hip or knee osteoarthritis and over 70 percent of total hip and knee replacements are for osteoarthritis (5). Research demonstrates that most people over the age of 65 have evidence of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder. Prevalence of hand, hip, and knee OA is found to increase with age and is higher in women than in men. OA causes disability in the elderly and impacts the cost of care for that population. Studies show that people with OA have higher rates of mortality than those without the disease. Radiographic evidence of the disease is focused on, however many patients with radiographic evidence of OA do not have symptoms; symptomatic OA causes pain, suffering, disability, and the use of health care resources (8). Understanding of the disease has evolved over the past decade and includes hip joint structure, pathogenesis, etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment (6). OA refers to the endstage of a process of joint failure characterized by cartilage loss and subchondral bone reaction (4). Stability of the hip joint is due to the ball and socket construction of the joint. In early secondary degenerative arthritis the majority of the deformity is found on the acetabular side of the hip joint. Establishing a more normal hip-join
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t may increase the load across a joint, increase stress on cartilage, and include breakdown leading to osteoarthritis. This explanation does not appear to apply to hand osteoarthritis, which invokes a systemic factor. Overweight persons may have a circulating factor, a cartilage growth factor, or a bone factor causing the acceleration of cartilage breakdown or affecting the bone underneath cartilage which leads to osteoarthritis. Overweight people may have higher bone mineral densities which may be a risk factor for osteoarthritis. Adipose tissue may be metabolically active, particularly in the cases of postmenopausal women (5).
In a sample of peri and postmenopausal women (702 subjects), the pattern of joint involvement in OA was studied. Results support the existence of a subset of women with a syndrome of polyarticular disease. Multiple joint involvement was found to occur more frequently than by chance or increased age. The single greatest influence on the pattern of joint involvement was symmetry. This finding is more in keeping with metabolic or neuroendocrine mechanisms than with mechanical etiology. Antidromic release of neuropeptides is thought to account for the symmetry found in rheumatoid arthritis; a similar
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Pathogenesis OA, Treatment Primary, Structure/Pathogenesis OA, OA GOA, OA Adjustments, Introduction Osteoarthritis, Conclusion OA, Symptoms Symptoms, OA Naturally, OA BMD, hip oa, subchondral bone, hip joint, articular cartilage, hip knee, joint involvement, oa include, bone mineral, signs symptoms, times odds hip, biomechanical aspects, biomechanical aspects occupation, bone mineral density, pattern joint involvement, odds hip oa,
Approximate Word count = 2581
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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