Plastic surgery is the medical specialty that seeks to improve physical function or to minimize disfigurement or scarring resulting from accidents, disease or birth defects, and the word plastic is derived from the Greek meaning molding or giving form. Plastic surgery includes aesthetic surgery, popularly known as cosmetic surgery, which can be used to reshape facial and bodily features and which is designed to improve an individual's appearance. Aesthetic eyelid surgery, or blepharoplasty, is an operation used to remove excess skin and fat on upper and lower eyelids, a procedure that can eliminate conditions that give an individual a tired appearance, such as wrinkled folds on skin on upper eyelids, bags under the eyes, and sagging eyebrows. Reconstructive blepharoplasty can be performed to correct these conditions when they affect vision (Eyelid Surgery, 1988, 1).
Lower eyelid surgery is one of the most complicated surgical procedures. There are a number of techniques which have become routine, but in spite of their common use one result that is very common is sclera showing mild ectoprion (everted eyelid). What is needed is a procedure that avoids this consequence. Over the past ten years, this researcher has improved post-operative long-term results in over one thousand cases with the procedure to be described below. A decreased chance of mild inverted eyelid and the maximum excision of skin from the lateral side n order to prevent shortening the height of the lower eyelid are imperative for good results long-term.
Substantial improvements in the postoperative results of face lift procedures have been made over the past five years, primarily because of advances in the understanding of facial anatomy and the application of craniofacial surgical techniques. Problems of the lower face, including jowling and redundant neck skin, fat, and muscle, have been virtually eliminated with extensive subcutaneous undermining,...