Overview of Career Counseling

Career Counseling: Definition and Difference Between

According to Peterson and Nisenholz (1994), career counseling may be defined as an aspect of general counseling that includes all counseling activities associated with career choices over the life-span. The career counseling process, according to the authors, includes all areas of personal need as they input into career choices over an individual's life including family, work and leisure needs.

Peterson and Nisenholz (1994) further note that the career counselor makes a strong distinction between a "job" and a "career." A job is viewed by the career counselor as a single position an individual occupies in a particular work setting. A career, on the other hand, is viewed as one's life-long sequence of work and encompasses, education and even recreational experiences as each of these areas relate to work over the life-span.

According to Swanson (1995), the goals of c

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eer identities. In addition, counseling was also found to reduce the range of students' preferred jobs making it easier for them to make career-related decisions. Commitment to one's career can also be improved through career counseling. In a study of a career counseling workshop designed to help individuals with disabilities, Merz and Szymanski (1997) found that regardless of the nature of the disability of the workshop participants (e.g. chronic mental illness, head injury, chemical dependence, learning disability, orthopedic injury, and quadriplegia), career commitment was significantly increased, especially for those with existing low levels of commitment. Vocational identity was also increased. An extensive review of the literature examining for the effects of career counseling was compiled by Flynn (1994). In his summary of the basic findings, Flynn concluded that data support the notion that career counseling is effective, and this efficacy is comparable to that of the efficacy of other psychological, educational, and behavioral interventions. Case Example Techniques and strategies involved in the career counseling process and examples of certain outcomes can perhaps best be seen in an example. In this regard, For
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