History of Pakistan
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Pakistan came into being in 1947. The area was part of India until that time. It had been invaded by many Asian peoples through the centuries, with the Muslims arriving in waves from the early 1000s to the 1500s. The British took control over the whole subcontinent in the 1700s. The primarily Muslim areas of India gained independence in 1947 as Pakistan, which then was divided into two widely separated sections (the eastern section would become independent as Bangladesh in 1971). Fighting broke out almost immediately between Muslims and Hindus, and some 7 million Muslims fled from India to Pakistan, while about 6 million Hindus left Pakistan for India. Since 1947, there have been wars between India and Pakistan many times, with the most violent outbreaks being 1947-1948, 1965, and 1971. The war in 1971 was a continuation of the 1966 outbreak. When Pakistan attacked the Indian airfields in Kashmir, India retaliated by attacking both East and West Pakistan. India occupied the Eastern half, and this region declared its independence on December 6, 1971 as Bangladesh. The outbreak was relatively short-lived as the United Nations brought pressure for a cease-fire, which was arranged in mid-December after Pakistan was defeated. Pakistan was then thrown into turmoil as it lost its eastern half and its army of 10,000 soldiers. Mohammed Ali Jinnah was an Indian Muslim leader and the first governor-general of Pakistan. He was born in Karachi in 1876
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sm, blackmail, and intimidation and an investigation of those who unlawfully maintained large bank accounts abroad. He further increased East Pakistani representation at decision-making levels in the central secretariat, raising the number from one to six out of fourteen. He also proposed doubling the East Pakistani presence in the military. President Khan also announced that elections would be held and that the martial law regulations would be relaxed to allow political gatherings and indoor meetings, though public meetings and processions would still be banned. A council of Ministers was formed, consisting mostly of civilian members (Singhal 187).
This would set the stage, however unwittingly, for the disturbances of December 1971 and subsequent changes in the nature of Pakistan. Relations between India and Pakistan had started to deteriorate earlier that year as the crisis in Pakistan increased. In March 1971, the Indian parliament passed a resolution to support the people of Bengal, and the Mukti Bahini, which had formed around regular and paramilitary forces, received equipment, training, and other assistance from India. Rivalries between the superpowers exacerbated the problems and perhaps impeded a political resolut
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Approximate Word count = 2635
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)
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