Detraining by Athletes

Detraining by athletes results in decreased effects of many aspects of muscle conditioning in the human body. Detraining changes in enzyme activity, cholesterol levels, oxygen consumption, muscle strength and endurance, and muscle atrophy are demonstrated; exercise benefits may be lost after four to eight weeks of detraining.

The effects of proper training are numerous. Increases motor-skill performance are found; training produces adjustments to the muscles which make them injury-resistant. Exercise produces less muscle protein accumulation in the blood, indicating less tissue damage and muscle soreness for the trained athlete. Increases in energy production, decreases in body fat, decreases in cholesterol levels, and improvement in bone, ligament, and tendon strength are also found in the trained athlete. Training results in increases in enzyme activities; decreases are found with detraining. Detraining results in deficits for all facets of conditioning (Krebs and McAllister, 1992; Wibom, Hultman, Johansson, Matherei, Constantin-Teodosiu, & Schantz, 1992).

The effects of detraining were studied by Koutedakis (1995). In elite competitors, anaerobic parameters such as heart frequencies, subcutaneous fat, flexibility and haemoglobin levels were found to remain unchanged throughout training and detraining periods; however, aerobic metabolism and muscular strength have demonstrated noticeable and unfavorable changes. Pl

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ly reduced the neural activation of the muscle. In 1992, they further explored muscle strength decrease subsequent to detraining, with the study of the relationship of the torque-velocity for maximum voluntary concentric and eccentric muscle actions and functional strength performance after training and detraining. Twenty-five healthy males were studied; subjects trained for 12 weeks, and resistance training was not performed during the 12-week detraining period. Results demonstrated greater preservation of concentric and eccentric peak torque after detraining following coupled concentric and eccentric than following concentric resistance training. Only concentric and eccentric regimes induced a change in the shape of torque-velocity curves after detraining. It was assumed that the performance of eccentric muscle actions is needed to optimize increases in muscular strength from heavy resistance training, because of its ability to induce greater and more long-lived neural adaptations than that of concentric actions (Colliander & Tesch, 1992). Tucci, Carpenter, Pollock, Graves, and Leggett (1991) also reported that effects of detraining on muscle strength decrease are well documented, with demonstrations of decrements of 55

Category: Medical - D