Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

The personality can be defined by the characteristic individuality of a human being. It determines a particular form of social interaction, through which each comes to terms with impressions, influences, and demands of the environment, and by which each differentiates himself from others. Cognitive therapy views the personality as based on cognitive structures and shaped by central values or core beliefs, called schemas, that develop early in life as a result of environmental factors, and are unique to each individual. Schemata are defined as mental structures that help organize past experiences; they range from concrete to abstract and operate interactively with one another. Data is accumulated, coded, categorized, and evaluated by schemas. Cognitions are defined as those processes that encompass the organization of sensory input, and the initiation of behavior (Freeman & Dattilio, 1992; Freeman, Simon, Beutler & Arkowitz, 1989; Hoffmann, 1984).

Schemas, or complex patterns of thoughts determine how experiences are perceived and conceptualized, and are employed in the absence of data; therefore, schemas tend to reinforce preconceived ideas. Psychological problems are viewed as stemming from faulty learning, incorrect i

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uting external events to oneself without sufficient evidence for the conclusion; labeling and mislabeling, or portraying one's identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes previously make, allowing these to define one's true self; dichotomous thinking, or codifying experiences as black or white; disqualifying the positive; mind reading; fortune-telling; emotional reasoning; and "should" statements (Freeman & Dattilio, 1992; Freeman, Simon, Beutler & Arkowitz, 1989; Hoffmann, 1984). Philosophical Assumptions Philosophical assumptions that are common to all cognitive therapies, include the principles of phenomenology, collaboration, activity, empiricism, and generalization. Cognitive therapy is a phenomenological approach; the idiosyncratic subjective experience of the subject is the basis of the therapeutic exchange. Heavy emphasis is placed on the therapeutic relationship. All forms of cognitive therapy rely on the patients' self-reports of their experience. The task of the therapist is to understand how the patient views his own world and how this impacts on emotional distress and behavioral dysfunction. The therapist then helps to facilitate behavioral, cognitive, and emotional events to stimulate change in the pat
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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