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The Squat Weightlift

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This literature review of squat weightlifting is in the area of biomechanics and includes: optimal biomechanics, with the study of training modalities, contributions of biomechanical variables, and effects of weight-lifting limits; and the study of associated potential biomechanical problems, to include lumbar dynamics or lower back difficulties. Interest in physical strength includes many areas such as: ergonomics, human factors engineering, rehabilitation, physiology, psychology, and physical education. Athletes have used resistance training techniques to heighten competitive performance. A review of the squat weightlift is of interest since it is used to build physical strength and the squat-lift is accepted as a safe means of lifting, which, used correctly, will help eliminate lower back difficulties.

The squat-lift is used to build physical strength and optimal training techniques are noted to maximize this process. Wilson, Newton, Murphy, and Humphries (1993) studied the optimal training load within three training modalities: traditional weight training, plyometric training, and dynamic weight training. Traditional weight training includes the lifting of heavy loads (80-90 percent of maximum) for few repetitions (4-8 repetitions); this technique is found to result in optimal increases in strength. Plyometric training consists of the acceleration and deceleration of body weight; this method improves muscular power. Dyna

. . .
ach additional decade. For women, the safe level of spinal compression tolerance is much lower; they appear to average about 73 percent of male compression values. Age and gender need to be considered for load limit adjustments. This study points out the risks of spinal compression and low back pain during squat weightlifting, with inappropriate weight limits (Chaffin and Page, 1994). Potential Biomechanical Difficulties Potential biomechanical problems, associated with the squat weightlift include lumbar dynamics or lower back difficulties. Low-back pain in industrial societies sparks interest in the study of biomechanical problems associated with the squat-lift; in 1984, it was estimated that 19 to 25.5 percent of all workers compensation claims were due to back pain in 1979 (26 states, USA). Findings are relevant to the safe execution of the squat weightlift. The squat-lift is considered to be safe, however, the optimal starting position of the lumbar spine is still controversial. The lumbar posture may affect forces acting on the lumbar spine during a lift; therefore the partitioning of these forces among supporting tissues or muscles, is dependent on lumbar posture, at least at the beginning of the lift (Kumar & Gara
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
Murphy Humphries, Hagen Harms-Ringdahl, SQUAT WEIGHTLIFT, Corlett Bishop, Chaffin Page, Optimal Biomechanics, weight training, power output, mechanical power output, physical strength, mechanical power, squat weightlift, maximizes mechanical power, load maximizes mechanical, load maximizes, traditional weight, traditional weight training, dynamic weight, maximizes mechanical, load lifting limits, load lifting,
Approximate Word count = 1781
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)

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