Oralism Verses Manualism
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The argument over whether a deaf or hard of hearing child should learn to speak, learn to sign, or both is an old one. There are two main groups of people who argue for each side. A large portion of the adult deaf community feels that being deaf is a separate culture from the hearing and speaking world and that all deaf and hearing impaired children should be brought up as persons who do not need to speak orally. There are some parents and educators who also feel this way. The other side contains deaf people who have been taught to speak, some parents, and some educators who feel that being able to communicate readily with the mainstream oral community adds to a child's options and experiences. There are organizations which promote both philosophies. Gaudette University in Washington D. C. is active in promoting manual communication and a unified deaf community. Some of these same researchers and educators are against the use of the cochlear implant devise (Tye-Murray, Spencer and Woodworth 327). Most of these individuals are also against the hearing impaired being taught to speak, read lips and use oral communication as their primary means of communicating with others. Their reasoning is that people who are born with significant hearing losses will lose both the culture of the hearing world and the culture of the deaf. They feel that deaf individuals will not ever be as proficient in the hearing world as a hearing person is able to be.
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ren can be mainstreamed into the regular classroom with minimal support after oral training has reached minimum competency levels.
The other side of the question which some educators and many parents believe is that for many deaf children the world of sound should not be closed forever. Technological improvements in hearing aids, and auditory trainers mean that almost all children can have some useful residual hearing. This hearing must be used and trained for it to be useful to the individual. The older a child is when they begin to hear anything the longer and more difficult it is to begin to process information. If auditory training is not begun early enough, before age 5 or 6, then the results are not as good. The brain has lost some of the ability to process the signals that the ear should pick up as sounds. It is similar to the ability of a young child to learn a second language easier than an adult.
The reasons that a parent may use to base the decision on whether to use an oral approach or a manual approach are different in each case. The ease with which each form of communication fits into the family's lifestyle is an important part of the decision. Is it possible for the family to learn another language? Wou
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Davis Thorkildsen, Heather Whitestone, Disabilities Act, Spencer Woodworth, Verses Manualism, ADA Manual, Volta Voices, University Washington, Joni Deaf, Medical Record, oral communication, sign language, taught speak, hearing impaired, volta voices 2, hearing world, manual communication, communication hearing, miss america, ability child, grade level, voices 2 1995, parents educators feel, hearing impaired individual, bullis reiman davis,
Approximate Word count = 1485
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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