Closed Captioned Television
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There are approximately 24 million hearing impaired individuals in the United States (Elliott D16). Before July of 1993, these people did not have equal access to the entertainment industry or to the Public Broadcasting System. Closed captioning involves putting the spoken portions of a television program or movie into words printed on the screen; this is similar to the printed subtitles on foreign movies (Closed-Caption Requirement 2215). Closed captioning of television programs was not mandated by law and the decoders were not readily accessible before 1993. Beginning in the late 1970s, closed captioning was available on a limited number of programs and videos to individuals with decoders (Closed-captioning 93). With the passage of HR4267 on July 12, 1990, and S1974 on August 2, 1990, closed captioning is available to every household with a television manufactured or imported after July 1, 1993 (Elliott D16). The legislation set the original date for the decoding chips to be built into all television sets as October 1, 1992. Compromises between the House and Senate versions of the bill resulted in the change of date to July of 1993. The final version of the bill is known as the "Television Caption Decoder Circuitry Act" (Milone 22). The final version of the legislation limits manufacturers to including the chip in television sets 13 inches or larger. This compromise with the industry does not defeat the purpose of the legislation. Cl
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surrounding a hearing loss (Closed Caption Requirement 2215). The decoder chips, which are now required to be built into the television sets, cost between 3 dollars and 15 dollars apiece (Closed-Captioning Access 3215). This increase in the cost of manufacturing a television set is passed on to the consumer in the form of an increased price tag. The additional cost allows viewers to flip a switch on their remote control or the back of the set and have closed-captioned television when it has been captioned by the producers.
All prime time television offerings are closed-captioned, as are most sporting events. Many of the independent networks, television channels, and cable companies offer closed-captioned programs (Closed-Captioning Access 3215). Many television producers had voiced concern that the numbers of decoders, before their mandatory inclusion in televisions, was not enough to justify the expense of closed-captioning their programs. With the passage of the Television Caption Decoder Circuitry Act, there should no longer be an argument against the cost of closed-captioning a program.
The cost of close-captioning the average commercial is about 200 dollars (Elliott D16). When this cost is associated with only 300,00
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Approximate Word count = 1344
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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