Electrical Nerve Stimulation Electrotheraphy

The first use of electricity for pain control can be traced back to Socratic times (18:2). The case involved the use of electric fish to treat intractable headache (18:2). Not until a convenient source was available, however, did electricity receive widespread attention as a possible therapeutic tool (18:2). By the mid 1700s though, it was being employed to treat an array of diseases and conditions, including pain (18:2). These various treatments met with different degrees of success. By the early part of this century, interest in electrical stimulation had largely dissipated (18:3).

Then, in 1965, attention was refocused on ele

. . .
que and teach the patient how to use the unit (18:12). In addition, patients must be given the opportunity for reinforcement of these instructions over several occasions (18:12). One of the most common reasons for lack of TENS effectiveness is lack of an adequate trial of use and incorrect application (23:5). Initially, the technique should be tried for a minimum of 1 hour (10:230). This will enable the clinician to determine whether the patient will respond and whether or not TENS aggravates the pain condition (10:230). At Pain Relief Clinics in the U.K., TENS patients are generally instructed as follows: "(1) initially use continuous mode TENS; (2) set all controls to minimum setting; (3) increase pulse intensity to the "strong but comfortable" level; (4) increase pulse frequency to maximal comfortable level; (5) hunt for the most appropriate setting during each treatment session; (6) if insufficient relief of pain is obtained, try different TENS modes" (11:231). CTENS is normally administered through rectangular electrodes of various lengths positioned so that they surround the site of pain (6:25). The objective is to produce a penetrating numbness without inducing muscle contraction (6:25). The area between the electro
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
Typical ALTENS, P6 Neiguan, Medtronic Company, Typically TENS, UK TENS, Campbell Taub, TENS ALTENS, Research TENS, Finally TENS, Melzack Wall, nerve stimulation, transcutaneous electrical, transcutaneous electrical nerve, electrical nerve, electrical nerve stimulation, stimulation tens, pain control, nerve stimulation tens, pain relief, electrical stimulation, tens unit, spinal cord, comfortable level, 2064 tens protocol, gate control theory,
Approximate Word count = 4591
Approximate Pages = 18 (250 words per page)