Federal Communications Comission (FCC)
This is an excerpt from the paper...
Ever since the emergence of commercial television broadcasting in the U.S. in 1941, when a mere eighteen stations were authorized by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to begin construction (Head & Sterling, 1982, p. 184), the medium of television has assumed an ever-increasing role in the lives of Americans. In the aftermath of World War II, several technological developments proved pivotal to the widespread acceptance of television: on March 18, 1947, the FCC reaffirmed the technical standards first announced in 1941 for black-and-white television (known as NTSC)--indicating that it had no plans to adopt color standards in the immediate future, the availability of the "image orthocon" camera tube (first introduced in 1945) drastically reduced the need for massive amounts of light in studios, and the expansion of intercity coaxial cable links being installed by AT&T (beginning with New York-Washington in 1946) (Head & Sterling, 1982, pp. 186-187). Thus, in the summer and fall of 1947, "the long-predicted rush into television finally began" as the number of operating television stations in the U.S. increased from 17 to 48 by the end of 1948. In 1948, the FCC reported an "unprecedented surge in the number of applications for new television stations," the number of television sets sold increased by more than 500 percent over the 1947 level--increasing the available audience by some 4000 percent!--as the number of prime-time network programs rose from just 24 the
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the broader cross-section of society.
A study conducted in the early 1950s known as Project Revere--at the same time television was only just beginning to appear--was designed to test message diffusion and distortion (Lowery & DeFleur, 1983, pp. 204-232). Although the conclusions reached were based on a campaign of "leafleting" several communities in Washington state, they can nevertheless be applied to broadcasting today. According to Lowery & DeFleur (1983),
in spite of these differences (between leaflets and other contemporary forms of mass communication), even a moment's reflection confirms that there are common principles underlying the process of communication . . . . Each involves an attempt . . . to achieve some form of change in their intended audiences. Each depends upon processes of perception and learning. And each is dependent upon the cultural rules of language usage to bring about some paralleling between the intended meanings of the communicator and the interpretations of the recipient. . . . The most significant conclusion . . . was that the person-to-person flow of information resulted in message incompleteness, inaccuracy, and distortion (pp. 229-230).
More recently, DeFleur & Cronin (1991) compa
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Head Sterling, Brown Singhal, DeFleur Cronin, Mass Culture, Marshall McLuhan, Reep Dambrot, Lowery DeFleur, Similarly Buchner, War II, Television American, sterling 1982, head sterling, head sterling 1982, brown singhal, television sets, defleur cronin, defleur cronin 1991, buchner 1988, television american, american society, lowery defleur, popular media, lowery defleur 1983, quality information passed, course television american,
Approximate Word count = 2417
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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