Bureaucracies & the FDA
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Twenty-five percent of the American consumer dollar is spent on products regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Each day in America there can hardly be an individual or, for that matter, a pet or stock animal that does not eat foods, take drugs or use devices that have been, at some stage, regulated by the FDA. The control of such a vast array of products has generated a large bureaucracy that has been under intensifying siege for the last fifteen years. The terms of the siege vary considerably. The deregulating impulses motivating the Reagan-Bush administrations produced as much criticism of the FDA as have the pro-regulation feelings of consumer advocacy groups. The agency has been criticized for its excessive indulgence of the industries it regulates and it has been accused by these same industries of producing pointless barriers to economic and scientific progress. Scandals that have plagued the agency have shown it to be culpable in buckling under to political and industry pressures while disregarding the welfare and safety of consumers, yet horror stories abound in which the agency has been shown as stalling and blocking progress with pointless objections to items that would genuinely benefit the public. Finally, scandals that came to light in the late 1980s found FDA inspectors accepting bribes -- again without regard for the welfare of the public. The public began to get the message with some of the scandals of the 1980s and its voice was added
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ny regulations it had proposed over recent years, or what had happened to them" (Burkholz 177). With nearly all its authority stripped away the agency had lost interest in what became of its proposals. The bureaucracy was only interested in perpetuating its own existence since that existence had been deprived of any real purpose.
Only after agency staffers had searched through the Federal Register, through antiquated card files, and had sifted the memories of senior officials, was Kessler told that the FDA had proposed, but never had issued, about four hundred regulations. They ranged from the size of type required on drug packages to standards for lifesaving heart defibrillators (Burkholz 177).
There was so much red tape at the agency that criminal investigators employed by the FDA to investigate complaints would file reports that then had to pass through "fifteen levels of review" before they reached the Justice Department for action (Burkholz 179). The food and drug industries fully exploited this situation. Proctor and Gamble had been marketing Citrus Hill Orange Juice, made from concentrate, with the label "fresh" when Kessler, following FDA warnings, seized a large supply of the product. The company had refused Kess
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Approximate Word count = 4544
Approximate Pages = 18 (250 words per page)
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