Learning disabilities & Classifications

The social significance of LD and the special educational needs of these students are surveyed. The most prevalent recent models of LD learning have employed an information processing metaphor. The LD student processes perhaps smaller chunks of information at a time than the non-LD student. For this reason, the LD student should be taught mnemonic devices to make memorization easier.

Twenty years after its inception, the learning disabilities (LD) field is still refining a definition for "learning disability." The lack of a precise definition for "LD" is a problem for researchers, educators, and parents. We will attempt to identify a well-known LD, dyslexia, as well as overview the social implications for those individuals who must overcome it. Parents, teachers, and researchers must find ways to improve the self-images of LD individuals at the same time that we help them adapt to their uniqueness.

Both as a concept and as a diagnostic classi

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, and auditory comprehension were localizable to various centers of the brain, it was thought that reading, arithmetic, writing, and other cognitive skills would likewise be localizable. However, this reasoning was later empirically discounted as being too simplistic (Semrud-Clikeman & Hynd, cited in Jordan & Goldsmith-Phillips, 1994, p. 44). More recent studies by Galaburda have shown that deviations from normal brain asymmetries occur in dyslexic persons, and these deviations are in language processing centers (Galaburda et al., 1991). Semrud-Clikeman and Hynd (1994) have noted that all brains contain asymmetric areas--it is the degree of asymmetry which may lead to the source of dyslexia. Using CAT-scans and magnetic resonance imaging techniques, they have noted that the magnitudes of asymmetry of the angular gyrus and left plana areas of the brain are highly correlated with language processing skill. Because of inconsistencies in research data to date, it is premature to say that all dyslexic persons have brain abnormalities; however, Semrud-Clikeman and Hynd (1994) consider brain asymmetries to be important to investigate for possible differences in brain morphology in persons with dyslexia compared to normal readers (c
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Approximate Word count = 1959
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)

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