American Trade Politics
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Free trade is one of the few issues on which just about all economists agree: they are for it. In part because of this powerful consensus, all American Presidents in modern times have committed themselves to free trade (and most have honored the commitment quite seriously). However, protectionism remains a constant threat to this state of affairs, according to I. M. Destler in American Trade Politics, and only constant vigilance will prevent protectionism from returning to American politics. Recent trade agreements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) offer hope that protectionism will not gain a foothold, and Destler is pleased with the progress that the Clinton administration made, observing that protectionism could have returned under a Democratic president. Nonetheless, Destler's book serves as a warning to those who would welcome or at least encourage a return to greater protectionism of American commerce in the international economy. A professor and acting dean during 1994-1995 at the Institute for International Economics in Washington, Destler is himself a staunch believer in free trade, and his book's main concern is to elaborate some political strategies to forestall protectionism. This research examines Destler's book and the decisions which have been made recently concerning American trade.It is impossible to say whether corporate policy, government inte
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onal marketing program, it must take into account the characteristics of the destination country (including demographics, purchasing power and political considerations). A manufacturer of high technology equipment is unlikely to market to areas which have little or no infrastructure to support that equipment, for example.
In recent years, there has been an increasing move toward marketing to communist countries. The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China provide two examples of such marketing efforts. Although the Soviet Union no longer exists in its former configuration, the individual member states have become increasingly attractive markets for a number of American and Western European companies. Similarly, China has opened the way for companies to enter that market, which is considered one of the most lucrative in the long-term because of its population.
Companies which decide to participate in international marketing must determine the strategy that they will follow. They may choose to operate through indirect exporting, in which the company sells to foreign companies that then resell the product. These are basically domestic sales for the manufacturer. Or, the company can engage in direct exporting, which i
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Approximate Word count = 4997
Approximate Pages = 20 (250 words per page)
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