Dorothy Orem's Self-Care Model

The focus of Orem's model of nursing is to enhance the patient's ability for self-care and extend this ability to care for their dependents (Orem, 2005). A person's self-care deficits are a result of their environment. Three systems exist within the professional nursing model: the compensatory system, in which the nurse provides total care; the partial compensatory system, in which the nurse and the patients share responsibilities for care; and the educative-development system, in which the patient has the primary responsibility for personal health, with the nurse acting as a consultant (Central, 2005; Orem, 2005). The basic premise of Orem's model is that individuals can take responsibility for their health and the health of others, and in a general sense, individuals have the capacity to care for themselves and their dependents.

Orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing is composed of three related theories: 1) the theory of self-care, describing how people care for themselves; 2) the theory of self-care deficit, which describes why people can be helped through nursing; and 3) the theory of nursing systdms describing and explaining relationships that must be initiated and maintained for nursing to be produced (Taylor, 191). Self-care is what a person does to establish and maintain their health, personal development and well-being. A formulated self-care requisite names: a) the factor to be managed to keep an aspect of human functioning and development within th

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sensation and perception, appraisal, and motivation, and determining the relevance of the foundational capabilities and dispositions to discreet acts" (Taylor, 199). There is work ongoing for development of the theory of dependent care, the use of the theory in primary care, and development of variations of care systems such as concepts of collaborative care. Orem's theory is useful in designing curricula for preservice, graduate, and continuing nursing education. It can also give direction to nursing administration, and be used for guiding practice and research. It "gives direction to nurse-specific outcomes related to knowing and meeting the therapeutic self-care demands, and establishing self-care and self-management systems" (Taylor, 201). Velsor-Friedruich, Pigott and Srof (2002) tested Orem;'s theory of nursing to determine its validity in a study which tested the effects of a school-based asthma intervention program on the self-care capabilities, self-care practices, and health outcomes of 8 to 12-year-old inner-city African-American students with asthma. They also tested Orem's theoretical propositions between selected basic conditioning factors, dimensions of self-care capabilities, self-care practices and healt

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