USE OF MUSIC TO REDUCE PAIN

According to Davis, Thaut, and Gfeller (1998), music therapy is the prescribed use of music and musical interventions for the purpose of restoring, maintaining and improving emotional, physical, physiological and spiritual health and well-being. The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of music interventions as a clinical application which can be used by nurses to help people deal with pain.

Nursing Application: Use of Music Interventions for Pain

McCaffrey and Freeman (2003) conducted a study examining the effects of a music intervention for elderly patients with osteoarthritis. The experimental group listened to classical music for 20 minutes a day for 14 days while the control group was required to sit quietly for 20 minutes a day for 14 days.

All subjects were asked to complete the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) on day 1, 7, and 14 of the study. T-test comparisons of the control and experimental groups showed that there was, over time, a significant decrease in the pain of the experimental group. It was concluded that the music intervention was an effective nursing intervention for the reduction of chronic osteoarthritis pain in community-dwelling elderly patients with osteoarthritis.

In another study of a music intervention, Schorr (1993) examined for the effects of music on women suffering chronic pain from rheumatoid arthritis. A sample of 30 women were repeatedly asses

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. However, patients commented favorably on the use of music. Failure to find an effect for the music therapy was attributed to the fact that pharmacologic procedures limited the strength of the music effects. McRee, Nobel and Pasyogel (2003) investigated the effects of preoperative massage and music therapy on patients' preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative experiences of pain and anxiety. Patients in one group received 30 minutes of massage and listened to 30 minutes of music before surgery. Patients in a second group received 30 minutes of massage before surgery, and patients in a third group listened to 30 minutes of music before surgery. Patients in the control group received standard care. Anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Pain control was defined as the amount and frequency of analgesia administered, was measured in the recovery room. Patients were asked about their levels of pain, and all medications were administered by PACU nursing staff members. Findings of the study did show a decrease in anxiety for the music group and the music/massage group but not a difference in pain when compared to the other groups. The failure to find an effect on pain for music intervention was attr
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Approximate Word count = 1232
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)

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