Negotiating the Comprehensive Test Ban

The United States, Russia, Britain, and France wanted the treaty extended indefinitely and unconditionally. Only the first part of their wish was fully granted. A core group of 14 non-aligned states, led by Indonesia, wanted the treaty extended for a series of rolling fixed periods of 25 years, subject to reaching certain goals during each period. Their demands included the following: a comprehensive test ban treaty (CTB); legally binding assurances to non-nuclear states against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons; a cut-off of the production of and the elimination of stockpiles of weapons-usable fissile material; the elimination of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction; the establishment of additional nuclear-weapon-free zones; the non-discriminatory transfer of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes; and the achievement of universality ("How to," 1995, p. 31). Universality means bringing Israel, India, and Pakistan, all undeclared nuclear

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American public interviewed believes that the retention of nuclear weapons is important. And although there is little support for increased spending to develop and test new nuclear weapons, the public favors increased spending for the maintenance of existing nuclear weapons. Public opinion is, of course, often swayed by the views of political leadership. On the question of nuclear weapons possession, both the executive and legislative branches of the U.S. government have taken a strong position. President Clinton issued a presidential directive ordering the establishment of a stockpile stewardship program to assure the continued viability of U.S. nuclear weapons (Cozic, 1992, p. 183). On top of this, the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee recommended increased funding for stockpile stewardship for fiscal 1995 and stated, "Nuclear weapons continue to play an integral role in U.S. defense policy. The committee strongly believes that a high degree of confidence must be maintained in the smaller, less diverse, and aging nuclear weapons stockpile of the future" (National Defense, 1995, p. 269). The stewardship program continues to receive bipartisan support in the U.S. Congress. But, for those in this country who still believe i
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 5017
Approximate Pages = 20 (250 words per page)

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