MI Counseling Session

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is described as a way of being with people that includes the following aspects: collaboration, evocation, autonomy, confrontation, education, and authority. The original MI methods included confrontational methods with applications to addictions, general medical care, health promotion, social work, and corrections. A more recent focus includes behavioral change in general. The MI counseling session includes a partnership between counselor and client that honors the expertise and perspectives of the client. The therapist provides a conducive atmosphere and coercion is avoided. It is assumed that the client has intrinsic resources and motivation for change, which can be enhanced by helping the client to express their goals, values, and perceptions. The right of the client for self-direction and informed choice is maintained. Confrontation is used to help the client become aware of their reality. Education is provided to give the client skills or knowledge needed to change. The counselor informs the client about what must be done but avoids a one-up stance and encourages a partner relationship (Miller & Rollnick, 2002).

Miller and Rollnick (2002) discuss dissonance and consonance within the MI context. They explain that during a MI the two people involved have a sense of moving together or they have a sense of struggling together. The terms consonant and dissonant describe the two poles of this continuum. Sources of dissonance may

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n in drinking days and increased abstinence rates, compared to ET subjects. Lewis�and Osborn�(2004) presented solution-focused counseling (SFC) and motivational interviewing.� These authors stated that MI and SFC are similar in some respects, each represents nonpathological and health-promoting therapeutic aspects of dealing with clients. Each avoids diagnoses or labels and emphasized mental health. MI and SFC both focus on the importance of the therapeutic collaboration, which must include the use of nonjudgmental, respectful, and engaging language. MI facilitates and enhances intrinsic motivation and reduces resistance with principles of avoiding argumentation, rolling with resistance, expressing empathy, developing discrepancies, and supporting self-efficacy. SFC is a brief approach based on solutions rather than problems. This approach encompasses the belief that the client has the ability to make positive changes by relying on inner strengths and resources. MI differs from SFC in that while it does focus on language it does not employ a constructivist approach, as does SFC. SFC attempts to build a new reality and uses a variety of questions intended to generate solutions, whereas MI uses reflective statements. MI

Category: Psychology - M