Spanish Language Speakers

The following research paper will present a review of studies using the MMPI-1 and MMPI-2 for Spanish language speakers, to include Mexican American and Mexicans in Mexico. In addition, a review of MMPI-1 and MMPI-2 and ethnicity, Mexican women and MMPI elevations, Mf score and Introversion/Extroversion and psychological distress, and a summary and conclusions will be presented.

The MMPI (1 and 2) is one of the most used instruments to measure psychopathology. This test is able to discriminate between pathological and nonpathological groups. It is one of the most psychometrically reliable and valid tests and there have been more studies regarding ethnic differences with this measure, than with any other (Hall, Bansal, & Lopez, 1999). The issue regarding how to measure psychopathology across different ethnic groups remains unclear. Culture-specific or emic measures assess unique cultural aspects but do not allow for between-ethnic group comparisons. Alternatively, the etic approach assumes that constructs are the same across cultures, allowing for between-group comparisons. In addition to these methods, diagnostic clinician judgments have been used to assess and identify ethnic differences in psychopathology, however, these judgments may be biased against the ethnic minority. Measures used to assess psychopathology may not be equivalent across cultures, regardless of attempts to make them

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dity scales (L, F, and K), and lower scores on all Clinical scales; however effect sizes were small. Differences in Scale 5 were also found, with male Latinos scoring lower, which suggests stereotypical masculine preferences. However, this scale does not reflect psychopathology and may actually result in positive behaviors such as nurturance and sense of belonging. The authors concluded that differences between groups were minimal and the MMPI and MMPI-2 therefore do not portray Latino Americans or African Americans as unfairly pathological (Hall, Bansal, & Lopez, 1999). Velasquez, Chavira, Karle, Callahan, Garcia, and Castellanos (2000) reviewed the findings of two studies that researched the use of the MMPI-2 with Latino students. The first study compared the administration of an English and a Spanish version of the MMPI-2. The second study compared the administration of two Spanish versions of the MMPI-2 (official Mexican adaptation and Version Hispana). Test-retest reliability was assessed in both studies. Correspondence was higher in the first study, however, correspondence was demonstrated in both studies. Thus English and Spanish versions of the MMPI-2 are considered comparable. The authors concluded however, tha

Category: Psychology - S