Methods of Data Analysis

Research questions one through three will be analyzed with One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). One-way ANOVA extends the t-test to include three or more samples when testing for the means. This test is used in place of the t-test when the same sample is tested for more than one variable. ANOVA is used to test the null hypothesis. The idea behind the ANOVA statistic is to compare the ratio of between group variance to the within group variance. When the variance resulting from the interaction between the samples is much larger when it is compared to the variance, which appears within each group, this is because the means are not the same. Assumptions are the same as for the t-test for independent samples; underlying populations are assumed to be distributed normally with equal variances. Sample sizes need to be equal and fairly large, greater than 10 to insure equal variance. It is also assumed that the scores are independent (Witte, 1980).

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