Mendel and Genetics

Mendel's law of segregation has four parts: alternative versions of genes give rise to variations in inherited characteristics; for each character, an organism inherits one gene from each parent; if two alleles differ, the dominant one will be fully expressed in the organism's appearance; and the two genes for each character separate during gamete production (biopoint.com, 2004). Mendel's law of independent assortment is that genes for different traits separate independently during phenotype is their appearance, structure, function, or behavior. A person's phenotype is brought about by an interaction between their genetic make

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aid to be heterozygous for that gene. An individual's genotype is their genetic makeup. Sex-linked Inheritance Human females inherit two X chromosomes and human males inherit one X and one Y chromosome (Wilson, 2000, 151). Because males have only one X chromosome, recessive inheritance works differently if the gene is on the X chromosome. In the case of red/green color blindness in humans, the mutant allele is on the X chromosome. If a female is a carrier of the mutant gene (XX*) and her husband has the normal gene (XY), half of the female offspring will be carriers and half of the male offspring will have the disorder. Karyotype Production and Significance A karyotype is an individual's chromosome profile and is produced by arranging pictures of the chromosomes in order of size from the largest to the smallest, using their banding pattern and centromere position as a guide (Genetic Science Learning Center, 2003). The most important way to separate chromosomes is by size. Next, when the chromosomes are stained using a Giemsa stain, bands appear, and the size and location of these bands is characteristic for each pair of chromosomes. The position of the centromere relative to the end of the chromosome is another guid
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