Life Expectations in the Elderly After the Death of a Spouse - Gender Comparison
Bereavement is a prevalent problem for the elderly and it is further complicated with depression found in this group. While bereavement due to the loss of a loved one usually follows a painful but normal adjustment process, for some the process is more difficult (Gilewski, Farberow, Gallagher, & Thompson, 1991).
Statement and Background of the Problem
Research has reported that there are several factors which may affect the bereavement process, such as previous functioning ability or being a victim of spousal suicide. A review of the literature has revealed that studies regarding gender differences yield inconsistent results, with one study showing no differences between men and women during the first three years of bereavement and another study reporting that men reported lower levels of well-being than women during the first two years (Bierhals, Prigerson, Fasiczka, & Frank, 1995; Nieboer, Lindenberg, & Ormel, 1998-1999). The study which showed that men reported lower levels of well-being lacked equal groups of males and females, which may have affected findings. Therefore a study was needed to determine differences between men and women up to the two year point, with equal gender representation, to help resolve these conflicting findings.
Purpose and Significance of the Study
The purpose of this research study was to determine differences between males and females with regard to life expectations in the elderly after the death of a spouse.
An understanding of the gender differences provides information that is lacking in the literature, which is needed to help facilitate future directions for the health care system.
The research question is as follows: Are there gender differences regarding life expectations in the elderly after the death of a spouse?
The hypothesis is as follows: There will be a significant differen...