Alterations in Hematologic Function
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Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells in which a clone of abnormal plasma cells forms tumors in the bone marrow (Berkow, Beers and Fletcher, 1997, 779). They also produce an abnormal amount of antibodies which are found in the blood and urine of patients with the disorder. Plasmacytomas (plasma-cell tumors) occur most frequently in the pelvic bones, spine, ribs and skull. They occasionally develop in none-skeletal tissue such as lung and reproductive organs. These tumors almost always produce large amounts of abnormal antibodies, and the production of normal antibodies is reduced in these patients, making them more prone to infections. Fragments of abnormal antibodies produced by these tumors can accumulate in the kidneys, causing damage and sometimes causing renal failure. Antibody fragments can also be deposited in other organs as well as the kidneys, causing amyloidosis. When abnormal antibodies appear in the urine, they are known as Bence-Jones proteins. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, and the disease is characterized by sore throat, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes (Berkow, Beers and Fletcher, 1997, 919). The virus first invades the lining cells of the nose and throat, then spreads to B lymphocytes. Roughly 50 percent of American children have had Epstein-Barr virus infection by age 5 years, but it is not very contagious. Teenagers and young adults usually catch it by kissing or other intimate contact with an infected pe
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ce by retaining salt and water and promoting excretion of potassium (695).
Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is the cause of roughly 90 percent of the cases of hypertension and the cause is unknown (114). If the causes is known, hypertension is known as secondary hypertension because it is secondary to some other medical problem, such as kidney disease (the most common cause of secondary hypertension), hormonal disorders, or the use of certain drugs or oral contraceptives. Secondary hypertension can also be caused by a rare childhood disorder known as pheochromocytoma, which is a tumor of adrenal gland. Malignant hypertension is a severe form of high blood pressure which can be fatal within three to six months if left untreated (113). It is relatively rare, occurring in one of every 200 individuals with high blood pressure, and is more common in Blacks than in Whites, more common in men than in women, and in people of a low socioeconomic status.
Early stages of hypertension may exist without symptoms, despite the commonly held belief that such symptoms as headache, dizziness, flushed face, tiredness, and nose bleeds are signs of the disorder. These symptoms occur just as frequently in individua
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Beers Fletcher, CAD Coronary, Complications HTN, United Heart, MI Deaths, Blacks Whites, Marschalk Messinger-Rapport, Teratology Fallot, Dysrhythmias Properties, Effects Dysrhythmias, blood pressure, heart failure, heart muscle, berkow beers fletcher, beers fletcher, berkow beers, beers fletcher 1997, fletcher 1997, rheumatic fever, mitral valve, coronary artery, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, retrieved oct 19, oct 19 2005,
Approximate Word count = 4632
Approximate Pages = 19 (250 words per page)
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