Kinesiology

Punting a football is an action designed to provide impetus to an external object. Movements of this type culminate in brief contact with an object (moving or still) by a moving body part. In such actions the "imparting of force" is the principal aim and the skills involve applying the force to the correct point, and with appropriate amounts of force, to achieve the desired distance and direction (Wells & Luttgens, 1976, p. 466). The motion involved in kicking the ball is angular in nature as the lower leg engages in rotating about an axis in the knee joint and the thigh moves in a rotatory motion about the hip joint.

The series of movements involved in punting include the flexion of the hip with explosive extension of the knee and plantar flexion of the ankle at the kicking point. The sole base of support from which the kick is launched is the standing leg which supports the upward movement of the kicking leg by means of extension of the hip and knee and the plantar flexion of the ankle. At the point of kicking, backward inclination of the pelvis and trunk, slightly preceding the actual kick, initiates the stretching of the rectus femoris muscle. This stretch stimulates the stretch reflex and "removes slack" from the muscle which, in turn, allows the muscle's contraction to have a quick and strong effect on the extension of the knee (Jensen & Schultz, 1977, p. 335). The backward inclination also begins the forward and upward movement of the thigh just before hip fl

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d at the knee at a right angle or greater it can also rotate up to 50� (Well & Luttgens, 1976, p. 166). Flexion can range from 0� to 120�, but hyperextension is very limited and is seldom greater than 15� (Brunnstrom, 1983, p. 290). Extension of the knee joint involves the four parts of the quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis). The quadriceps is the large muscle located on the anterior surface of the thigh. Of the four parts, one (rectus femoris) originates above the hip joint, and the others originate from the femur shaft. Rectus femoris is the spindle-shaped muscle that stands out on the front of the thigh. The muscle has two heads, one attaching to the anterior inferior iliac spine and the other to the acetabulum. It descends in a single tendon, rising to a fleshy belly and then narrowing to a thick tendon that is attached to the upper edge of the patella where it moves around to form, in part, the patella's ligaments. The rectus femoris also crosses over the vastus intermedius and the smooth surfaces of both allow the vastus medialis to function independently in the movement of the hip (Palastanga et al., 1994, p. 353). The vastus lateralis and the vastus int

Category: Medical - K