Jung and Hillman
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All of the social sciences have difficulties with objectivity, quantification, and rigor stemming from the fact that their subject matter is human beings, a condition of course shared by the practitioners of these disciplines. There have been two major contradictory tendencies to this dilemma. The dominant mode of psychological research has adopted whole hog the scientific model of research, which produces endless studies conducted in the laboratory or by questionnaire, which are then subjected to sophisticated statistical analysis. The results of these quantified studies are often only restatements of the obvious, or the discovery of trivialities which leave behind the great mysteries of human psychology. The other tendency, starting with the seminal work of the Viennese psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, has been to make pronouncements about psychic processes based on extensive case studies of therapeutic situations which can only be termed subjective, however insightful and intriguing they may be. The psychologists to be discussed here -- Carl Jung and James Hillman - fall into this second group. Carl Jung (1875-1961) was a Swiss psychologist who founded a school of the discipline known as Analytic Psychology (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_jung). Along with Freud, with whom he at first collaborated and then partially repudiated, Jung was one of the most influential writers on the mysteries of the human mind in the first half of the 20th Century. Like Freud he focuse
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aub de Laszlo describes his interlocking concepts with a clarity that is worth quoting at some length, because these ideas are not always easy to distinguish semantically and theoretically:
"The life of the spirit, manifest in the psyche, must evolve in accordance with certain principles and forms, which in turn, must be related to other levels of human existence. If they were totally incommensurate or disassociated, life could not continue. To designate these principles and forms Jung has adopted the term archetypes. Rather than devote his time to the peculiarities of many individual life histories he was led to concentrate his energies upon the observation of the common matrix of psychic existence which he decided to designate as the collective unconscious. In this context the archetypes represent the basic forms and pathways in which our psychic existence is being enacted and which at any stage of our individual development exert their powerful influence" (xxv)".
His theoretical approach to the treatment of neurotic symptoms was based on his conception that so-called mental diseases like neurosis and schizophrenia were the result of fragmentation of the normal unity of consciousness by the intrusion of confusing and disorde
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Approximate Word count = 1417
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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