School Superintendency

Superintendency as a profession, has been a focus for scholars and practitioners for over 40 years, and this focus has consisted of a view of the position in male terms. During the postwar period, superintendents were viewed as large symbols in the community, and by the 1950s and 1960s, the superintendent was seen as a business executive. Principles of action were taken from business, government, and military. Moral duties of the superintendent included being not only the community educational leader, but the minister of community values. By the end of the 1960s, the scientific management theory had taken over and the end of the 1960s changed views from the position being one of a scholar-educator to that of a businessman, with the superintendent at the top of a hierarchical administration. The superintendent was expected to manage growing districts with m

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he shoulders of the superintendent, as well as the blame when solutions fail. In addition to high expectations placed on the superintendent, the ability to carry through on transactions is lacking and as a result, the position demands that the superintendent live with unremitting pressure and conflict. Thus turnover is high and cities are unable to fill positions with qualified candidates. Females and minorities face additional problems with discrimination and an overload of culturally conflicting situations. Given all the inherent problems of the position, some still do to find the work meaningful and satisfying enough to continue to pursue it. Thus the need for exploration of job satisfaction correlates is indicated. Job Satisfaction Job Satisfaction Characteristics The job satisfaction literature tends to indicate that high job satisfaction is related to increased morale, decreased absenteeism and turnover and improved employee relations. Some of the major variables which determine job satisfaction include such things as mentally challenging work, equitable rewards, good working conditions, supportive managers and supportive colleagues (Katzell et al., 1992). In looking at the issue of mentally challenging work, thi
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Approximate Word count = 9622
Approximate Pages = 38 (250 words per page)

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