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Underground Economy in Silicon Valley

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Any regulated economy will develop a parallel underground economy to circumvent the regulations. The United States is no exception to this. Here the underground economy is driven by the availability of cheap labor in the form of new and illegal immigrants, the hopes of avoiding taxation by doing business with cash, and the high cost of providing benefits and complying with regulations in a business with employees.

There are a few things which nearly all underground practices have in common. One is dealing in cash. Checks and credit cards are simple to trace. Cash, however, changes hands without leaving any marks.

A very large part of the informal sector is inextricably linked with the regular economy. The two exist side by side in firms that report most of their income, or hire mostly legal workers, and in households that report regular employment income, from which taxes are withheld, but fail to report cash income from occasional part-time work (Paglin, 1994).

Another is spreading out sources of income. Most underground workers make a small amount from several different employers. Likewise underground hiring is often done informally through a pool of connections. Contracts are small and sometimes short-lived. This constant movement keeps the transactions under the amounts that the government requires to be reported and makes it difficult to see patterns in the underground economy.

According to a report issued by the Cleaning Up S

. . .
RS asks questions, the mechanic would simply say he did the work himself. Or he might pay a family member to keep house and watch his kids and then simply explain that the person was doing it without pay. The underground economy feeds on itself. Once you get beyond income that you can spend, keeping money hidden from the IRS becomes very difficult, simply because the IRS is looking for it. Smaller underground operations often do not net enough in taxes to pay for the investigations. Large scale money laundering rings, however, can mean large recoveries for the IRS. Benefits There are two classes of employee benefits in the United States: those that are guaranteed through the government, and those which are offered buy employers. Social security, unemployment insurance, and workman's compensation insurance are all required to be paid by employers under law. They raise the cost of having employees and protect the employees when they are disabled, out of work, or retired. Laws also restrict the minimum ages at which people can work, the hours and types of work they can do, the environments in which they work, and precautions that must be taken. Laws vary on what other benefits must be offered to employees. In g
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1680
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)

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