Islamist Movements

M. Hakan Yavuz (2003) developed a typology of Islamist Social Movements that include horizontal and vertical movements and corresponding identities with differentiation based on each group's goals and strategies to produce change. This analyst says that although some social movements can be placed along a continuum, his classification offers four generic typologies with a state-oriented and elite-based vanguard movement that is more ideology and statist at one end and a society-centric, gradual and reformist pragmatic movement at the other.

Yavuz (2003) describes the vertical state-oriented movements as legitimate when reformist and motivated by the hope of controlling the state or shaping policies through forming their own Islamc party or in alliance with other parties. These groups can be revolutionary when they reject the system and use violence and intimidation. The horizontal society-oriented Islamist Movements use the media and communications networks to develop discursive places for the

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