The majority of trade transactions in North America now take place under the rules and guidelines of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Trade disputes between governments and corporations of different countries are resolved primarily by NAFTA's committees and tribunals (NAFTA 1). Four sections of NAFTA are primarily responsible for these dispute settlement provisions. Chapter Nineteen of NAFTA addresses duty and anti-dumping matters between countries (NAFTA 1). Chapter Twenty's provisions cover all other disputes not related to investment (Chapter Eleven) and other financial services matters (Chapter Fourteen) (NAFTA). The administration of disputes under each of these chapters is provided by the Canadian, U.S. and Mexican National Sections of the NAFTA Secretariat (NAFTA).
Nonetheless, regardless of under which chapter a NAFTA dispute arises, the dispute will always concern litigants or disputants from two different countries. Perhaps in the more expected type of case, these disagreements often arise between two different countries, as in the case of matters under Chapter Ninetee